photovoltaic panel

Often used interchangeably with PV module (especially in one-module systems), but more accurately used to refer to a physically connected collection of modules (i.e., a laminate string of modules used to achieve a required voltage and current).

The smallest environmentally protected, essentially planar assembly of solar cells and ancillary parts, such as interconnections, terminals, [and protective devices such as diodes] intended to generate DC power under unconcentrated sunlight. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer (superstrate) or the back layer (substrate).

The ratio of the electric power produced by a photovoltaic device to the power of the sunlight incident on the device.

The smallest semiconductor element within a PV module to perform the immediate conversion of light into electrical energy (DC voltage and current).

An interconnected system of PV modules that function as a single electricity- producing unit. The modules are assembled as a discrete structure, with common support or mounting. In smaller systems, an array can consist of a single module.

Pertaining to the direct conversion of photons of sunlight into electricity.

A particle of light that acts as an individual unit of energy.

A chemical element, atomic number 15, used as a dopant in making n- semiconductor layers.

The equivalent number of hours per day when solar irradiance averages 1000 w/m 2 (full sun).

Power generated by a utility unit that operates at a very low capacity factor; generally used to meet short-lived and variable high demand periods.